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Probability in Health and Medicine
- Medical uncertainties and probability
- Elementary laws of probability
- Bayes’ Rule
- Sensitivity-specificity of a medical test
- Positive and negative predictive value
- Effect of prevalence
Confidence Intervals
- Sampling distributions and SEs
- Large sample CI for one-sample mean and proportion
- Exact CI for proportion and median
- Large sample CI for differences between means and proportions
- Sample size for estimation
Statistical vs. Medical Significance
- P-value and level of significance
- The concept of statistical power
- Medical vs. statistical significance
- Sample size for significance and power analysis
- Chi-square test for simple situations
Some Statistical Tests for Quantitative Data
- Student’s t-test for one-sample and two-sample situations
- ANOVA for one-way and two-way tables
- Tukey test and Bonferroni procedures for multiple comparisons
- Test for medically significant gain and equivalence test
Introduction to Designs for Clinical Trials
- Control group
- Randomization and matching
- Blinding and masking
- One-way, two-way and repeated measures designs
- Cross-over design
ROC Curves
- Review of sensitivity-specificity
- Serial and parallel tests
- ROC curve
- Predictivity-based ROC curve
- Clinical gains from a test
Relative Risk (RR) and Odds Ratio (OR)
- Definitions and applicability of RR and OR
- CI and test of hypothesis for RR
- CI and test of hypothesis for attributable risk
- CI and test of hypothesis for OR
Introductory Survival Analysis
- Censored durations and need of special methods
- Life table method
- Kaplan-Meier method